Red algae, alternatively termed Rhodophytes or red seaweed, comprise multicellular marine algae. Within skincare, this component is renowned for its capacity to hydrate and enhance skin plumpness.
SUMMARY
Red algae, known scientifically as Rhodophytes, thrive in marine environments primarily across Europe, including the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, and the North Sea. From these species, a sulfur polysaccharide is derived, known as carrageenan, which serves as a natural thickening agent imparting a gel-like texture to various formulations.
Carrageenan, this biopolymer, finds extensive utility in both the cosmetics and food industries. While traditionally sourced from Chondrus crispus, commonly referred to as Irish moss, modern extraction predominantly relies on species such as Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, or Furcellaria lumbricalis, prevalent in Scandinavian waters.
To begin with, the carrageenan derived from red algae boasts exceptional humectant properties, effectively retaining moisture in the skin's outer layers, thus reducing insensible water loss. This natural phenomenon, also known as trans-epidermal water loss, occurs due to the osmotic pressure variance between the skin layers and the surrounding air. Adequate hydration is crucial for all skin types to counteract this, and employing carrageenan-based skincare can help prevent sensations of tightness associated with skin dryness or the appearance of dehydration lines.
Additionally, the extract from red algae demonstrates the ability to enhance the synthesis of hyaluronic acid within the epidermis. Hyaluronic acid is a vital biomolecule responsible for skin hydration and imparting a plump appearance. As individuals age, the quantity and quality of hyaluronic acid decrease, with approximately 6% loss per decade. This decline leads to the atrophy of subdermal fat pockets, resulting in the emergence of wrinkles and fine lines on the skin's surface. Although hyaluronic acid is more abundant in the dermis, its synthesis rate is higher in the epidermis. Therefore, by stimulating epidermal synthesis, red algae aids in maintaining resilient skin for as long as possible.
Moreover, red algae extract contributes to reducing surface imperfections by inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis. These microorganisms play a role in acne development and associated inflammatory responses, making carrageenan particularly beneficial in skincare routines.
Lastly, red algae extract promotes ceramide synthesis, reinforcing the epidermal barrier and minimizing insensible water loss. Ceramides are lipid molecules organized in dense, structured lamellae that form the intercellular matrix, crucial for maintaining skin hydration and integrity.
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